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Changelog

This guide explains how changelogs are automatically generated in this Python package template using git-cliff and conventional commits.

Overview

The template uses git-cliff for automated changelog generation based on conventional commit messages. This ensures:

  • Consistent formatting: Standardized changelog structure
  • Automatic updates: No manual changelog maintenance
  • Conventional commits: Structured commit messages
  • Release integration: Changelogs generated on releases

Conventional Commits

All commits must follow the Conventional Commits specification:

<type>[optional scope]: <description>

[optional body]

[optional footer(s)]

Commit Types

  • feat: New features
  • fix: Bug fixes
  • docs: Documentation changes
  • style: Code style changes (formatting, etc.)
  • refactor: Code refactoring
  • test: Test additions or modifications
  • chore: Maintenance tasks
  • perf: Performance improvements
  • ci: CI/CD changes
  • build: Build system changes

Examples

# Feature commit
git commit -m "feat: add user authentication"

# Bug fix with scope
git commit -m "fix(api): resolve login timeout issue"

# Breaking change
git commit -m "feat!: change API response format

BREAKING CHANGE: The response format has changed from XML to JSON"

# Commit with body and footer
git commit -m "fix: correct typo in documentation

The word 'recieve' was misspelled as 'receive'.

Closes #123"

Git-cliff Configuration

Basic Setup (cliff.toml)

# git-cliff ~ configuration file
# https://git-cliff.org/docs/configuration

[changelog]
# A Tera template to be rendered for each release in the changelog.
# See https://keats.github.io/tera/docs/#introduction
body = """
{% macro print_commit(commit) -%}
    - {% if commit.scope %}*({{ commit.scope }})* {% endif %}\
        {% if commit.breaking %}[**breaking**] {% endif %}\
        {{ commit.message | upper_first }} - \
        ([{{ commit.id | truncate(length=7, end="") }}](<REPO>/commit/{{ commit.id }}))\
{% endmacro -%}

{% if version %}\
    {% if previous.version %}\
        ## [{{ version | trim_start_matches(pat="v") }}]\
          (<REPO>/compare/{{ previous.version }}..{{ version }}) - {{ timestamp | date(format="%Y-%m-%d") }}
    {% else %}\
        ## [{{ version | trim_start_matches(pat="v") }}] - {{ timestamp | date(format="%Y-%m-%d") }}
    {% endif %}\
{% else %}\
    ## [unreleased]
{% endif %}\


{% for group, commits in commits | group_by(attribute="group") %}
    ### {{ group | striptags | trim | upper_first }}
    {% for commit in commits
    | filter(attribute="scope")
    | sort(attribute="scope") %}
        {{ self::print_commit(commit=commit) }}
    {%- endfor %}
    {% for commit in commits %}
        {%- if not commit.scope -%}
            {{ self::print_commit(commit=commit) }}
        {% endif -%}
    {% endfor -%}
{% endfor -%}


"""

# A Tera template to be rendered as the changelog's footer.
# See https://keats.github.io/tera/docs/#introduction
footer = """
---

**Contributing**: We welcome contributions! Please see our [Contributing Guide](<REPO>/blob/main/CONTRIBUTING.md) for details.

**Questions?** Open an issue on [GitHub](<REPO>/issues) or join our discussions.
"""

# Remove leading and trailing whitespaces from the changelog's body.
trim = true
# Render body even when there are no releases to process.
render_always = true
# An array of regex based postprocessors to modify the changelog.
postprocessors = [
  # Replace the placeholder <REPO> with a URL.
  { pattern = '<REPO>', replace = 'https://github.com/isaac-cf-wong/python-package-template' },
]

[git]
# Parse commits according to the conventional commits specification.
# See https://www.conventionalcommits.org
conventional_commits = true
# Exclude commits that do not match the conventional commits specification.
filter_unconventional = false
# Takes precedence over filter_unconventional.
require_conventional = false
# Split commits on newlines, treating each line as an individual commit.
split_commits = false
# An array of regex based parsers to modify commit messages prior to further processing.
commit_preprocessors = [
  # Replace issue numbers with link templates to be updated in `changelog.postprocessors`.
  { pattern = '\((\w+\s)?#([0-9]+)\)', replace = "([#${2}](<REPO>/issues/${2}))" },
  # Check spelling of the commit message using https://github.com/crate-ci/typos.
  # If the spelling is incorrect, it will be fixed automatically.
  # { pattern = '.*', replace_command = 'typos --write-changes -' },
]
# Prevent commits that are breaking from being excluded by commit parsers.
protect_breaking_commits = false
# An array of regex based parsers for extracting data from the commit message.
# Assigns commits to groups.
# Optionally sets the commit's scope and can decide to exclude commits from further processing.
commit_parsers = [
  { message = "^Merge pull request", skip = true },
  { message = "^feat", group = "<!-- 0 -->๐Ÿš€ Features" },
  { message = "^fix", group = "<!-- 1 -->๐Ÿ› Bug Fixes" },
  { message = "^doc", group = "<!-- 3 -->๐Ÿ“š Documentation" },
  { message = "^perf", group = "<!-- 4 -->โšก Performance" },
  { message = "^refactor", group = "<!-- 2 -->๐Ÿšœ Refactor" },
  { message = "^style", group = "<!-- 5 -->๐ŸŽจ Styling" },
  { message = "^test", group = "<!-- 6 -->๐Ÿงช Testing" },
  { message = "^chore\\(release\\): prepare for", skip = true },
  { message = "^chore\\(pr\\)", skip = true },
  { message = "^chore\\(pull\\)", skip = true },
  { message = "^chore|^ci", group = "<!-- 7 -->โš™๏ธ Miscellaneous Tasks" },
  { body = ".*security", group = "<!-- 8 -->๐Ÿ›ก๏ธ Security" },
  { message = "^revert", group = "<!-- 9 -->โ—€๏ธ Revert" },
  { message = ".*", group = "<!-- 10 -->๐Ÿ’ผ Other" },
]
# Exclude commits that are not matched by any commit parser.
filter_commits = false
# Regex to select git tags that represent releases.
tag_pattern = "v[0-9].*"
# Regex to select git tags that do not represent proper releases.
# Takes precedence over `tag_pattern`.
# Changes belonging to these releases will be included in the next release.
skip_tags = "beta|alpha"
# Regex to exclude git tags after applying the tag_pattern.
ignore_tags = "rc"
# An array of link parsers for extracting external references, and turning them into URLs, using regex.
link_parsers = []
# Include only the tags that belong to the current branch.
use_branch_tags = false
# Order releases topologically instead of chronologically.
topo_order = false
# Order releases topologically instead of chronologically.
topo_order_commits = true
# Order of commits in each group/release within the changelog.
# Allowed values: newest, oldest
sort_commits = "newest"
# Process submodules commits
recurse_submodules = false

Configuration Sections

Changelog Template

The body template defines the changelog format using Tera templating:

  • Version headers: Automatic version and date formatting
  • Commit grouping: Commits grouped by type with emojis
  • Link generation: Automatic GitHub links for commits and comparisons
  • Contributor recognition: New contributors section

Git Configuration

  • conventional_commits: Enforce conventional commit format
  • commit_preprocessors: Transform commit messages (e.g., issue links)
  • commit_parsers: Define how commits are categorized
  • tag_pattern: Pattern for recognizing version tags

Generating Changelogs

Manual Generation

# Generate changelog for latest release
git cliff --latest --strip header

# Generate full changelog
git cliff -o CHANGELOG.md

# Generate for specific version
git cliff --tag v1.2.3

# Preview unreleased changes
git cliff --unreleased

Pre-commit Integration

Changelog generation can be automated via pre-commit:

repos:
    - repo: https://github.com/orhun/git-cliff
      rev: v2.4.0
      hooks:
          - id: git-cliff
            args: [--latest, --strip header]

CI/CD Integration

Changelogs are automatically generated during releases:

# In release workflow
- name: Generate Changelog
  run: |
      git cliff --latest --strip header > changelog.md

Commit Message Validation

Commitlint Configuration

Commit messages are validated using commitlint:

Configuration (commitlint.config.js):


Pre-commit Hook

          - id: check-toml
            stages: [pre-commit]
          - id: debug-statements
            stages: [pre-commit]
          - id: end-of-file-fixer
            stages: [pre-commit]

Release Process

Version Tagging

  1. Create annotated tag:

    git tag -a v1.2.3 -m "Release v1.2.3"
    git push origin v1.2.3
    
  2. GitHub Actions will:

    • Generate changelog
    • Create release
    • Publish to PyPI

Automated Changelog

The changelog is automatically included in GitHub releases:

# In release workflow
- name: Create Release
  uses: actions/create-release@v1
  env:
      GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
  with:
      tag_name: ${{ github.ref }}
      release_name: Release ${{ github.ref }}
      body: |
          $(git cliff --latest --strip header)

Customizing Changelog

Modifying Groups

Add custom commit groups:

commit_parsers = [
    { message = "^feat", group = "<!-- 0 -->๐Ÿš€ Features" },
    { message = "^custom", group = "<!-- 11 -->๐ŸŽฏ Custom Changes" },
]

Changing Template

Modify the changelog template:

[changelog]
body = """
# Custom Changelog Format

{% for group, commits in commits | group_by(attribute="group") %}
## {{ group }}

{% for commit in commits %}
- {{ commit.message }}
{% endfor %}
{% endfor %}
"""

Include additional links in commits:

commit_preprocessors = [
    { pattern = '#(\d+)', replace = "[#$1](https://github.com/org/repo/issues/$1)" },
    { pattern = '@(\w+)', replace = "[@$1](https://github.com/$1)" },
]

Best Practices

Commit Message Guidelines

  • Be descriptive: Explain what and why, not just what
  • Use scopes: Group related changes (e.g., fix(api))
  • Reference issues: Include issue numbers when relevant
  • Keep it concise: Subject line under 72 characters

Version Management

  • Semantic versioning: Major.minor.patch
  • Breaking changes: Use ! suffix for breaking changes
  • Pre-releases: Use alpha/beta/rc suffixes

Changelog Maintenance

  • Review before release: Check generated changelog
  • Manual edits: Edit template for special cases
  • Consistency: Keep formatting consistent
  • Automation: Let tools handle routine updates

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

  • Commits not appearing: Check conventional commit format
  • Wrong grouping: Verify commit parser patterns
  • Links not working: Check remote URL configuration
  • Template errors: Validate Tera template syntax

Debugging

# Debug commit parsing
git cliff --verbose

# Test template
git cliff --template cliff.toml

# Check commit format
git log --oneline | head -10

Configuration Validation

# Validate cliff.toml
git cliff --config cliff.toml --dry-run

# Test with sample commits
git cliff --with-commit "feat: test feature"

Integration Examples

With GitHub Releases

name: Release
on:
    push:
        tags: ['v*']

jobs:
    release:
        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
        steps:
            - uses: actions/checkout@v4
              with:
                  fetch-depth: 0
            - name: Generate Changelog
              run: git cliff --latest --strip header > changelog.md
            - name: Create Release
              uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
              with:
                  body_path: changelog.md

With Release Drafter

name: Release Drafter
on:
    push:
        branches: [main]

jobs:
    update_release_draft:
        runs-on: ubuntu-latest
        steps:
            - uses: release-drafter/release-drafter@v6
              env:
                  GITHUB_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

For more information, see the git-cliff documentation and Conventional Commits specification.